管理信息系统在大型起重设备监理中的应用

本文论述了在大型起重设备监理行业中加快行业信息化建设的必要性，以及进行信息化系统管理的程序，并以具体事例生动形象地说明其在监理行业的价值所在。旨在推广管理信息系统在大型起重设备监理行业的应用。     

Discovering timely information in MANETs

Timely information refers to information whose ‘most recent’ or ‘latest’ instance is most valuable. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), multiple instances of a piece of timely information may be produced by different nodes at different points in time. The problem is to discover the ‘latest’ instance among all existing instances. Within the context of MANETs, timely information discovery is fundamentally different from the existing resource/service discovery problem whose goal is to discover either any instance or a subset of instances which satisfy a local query constraint that can be specified and evaluated using only local attributes of each individual node. In contrast, the timely information discovery problem imposes the global (timeliness) constraint which should best be evaluated when all the instances are considered to determine the latest instance. The complication of discovering timely information arises from the existence of multiple instances of the information, which are produced at different points in time by different nodes in the network, and the need to collect all these instances to decide the latest instance. For MANETs, the lack of infrastructure supports, frequent topology changes, and potential packet loss in wireless communications further challenge the problem of timely information discovery. This paper describes a self-organizing, peer-to-peer based approach, termed ALADIN, to discovering timely information in MANETs. In ALADIN, nodes that produce instances of the timely information are peers who self-organize an adaptive and distributed ‘search infrastructure’ to facilitate the discovery of the latest instance. A simulation study shows that ALADIN is scalable without incurring network-wide flooding in the case of large-scale networks and popular timely information, and yields a high chance of discovering the latest instance in the presence of mobility.     

Comparison of methods for generating typical meteorological year using meteorological data from a tropical environment

This paper presents the comparison of methods for generating typical meteorological year (TMY) data set using a 10-year period of meteorological data from four stations in a tropical environment of Thailand. These methods are the Sadia National Laboratory method, the Danish method and the Festa and Ratto method. In investigating their performance, these methods were employed to generate TMYs for each station. For all parameters of the TMYs and the stations, statistical test indicates that there is no significant difference between the 10-year average values of these parameters and the corresponding average values from TMY generated from each method. The TMY obtained from each method was also used as input data to simulate two solar water heating systems and two photovoltaic systems with different sizes at the four stations by using the TRNSYS simulation program. Solar fractions and electrical output calculated using TMYs are in good agreement with those computed employing the 10-year period hourly meteorological data. It is concluded that the performance of the three methods has no significant difference for all stations under this investigation. Due to its simplicity, the method of Sandia National Laboratories is recommended for the generation of TMY for this tropical environment. The TMYs developed in this work can be used for solar energy and energy conservation applications at the four locations in Thailand.     

基于分割模板运动预估的相关跟踪算法

为了对常规相关匹配算法实时性能进行提升，提出一种基于分割模板运动预估的相关跟踪算法。采用最小二乘法全区间等距拟合目标运动轨迹，计算出目标当前预估点；将模板图像按块运动估计算法要求分割成宏块；按菱形搜索法在预估点周围区域进行搜索，得到每个宏块的最佳运动矢量；取匹配度最佳的运动矢量对应点为模板的粗匹配点；判断该点所在宏块与搜索区域相对位置关系，决定是否进行精匹配结束搜索，或是按梯度方向建立新的搜索区域。目标跟踪实验证明，该方法比基于全搜索的归一化积相关( NProd)算法其计算时间缩短到3.31倍。     

基于多源信息融合技术的旱情评价

介绍了多源信息融合的基本概念以及其在旱情评价中的应用思路。对研究区从气象、水文以及农作物状况3个方面选取信息源,通过3个层次的融合,实现了由旱情评价多源信息的收集到各旱情评价指标的确定过程,并最终得到旱情综合评价指标。利用得到的旱情评价结果与历史旱情规律对比,验证了本方法的可靠性。     

Mind at ease puts a smile on the face: Psychophysiological evidence that processing facilitation elicits positive affect.

The affect system, in its position to monitor organismic–environmental transactions, may be sensitive to the internal dynamics of information processing. Hence, the authors predicted that facilitation of stimulus processing should elicit a brief, mild, positive affective response. In 2 studies, participants watched a series of neutral pictures while the processing ease was unobtrusively manipulated. Affective reactions were assessed with facial electromyography (EMG). In both studies, easy-to-process pictures elicited higher activity over the region of zygomaticus major, indicating positive affect. The EMG data were paralleled by self-reports of positive responses to the facilitated stimuli. The findings suggest a close link between processing dynamics and affect and may help understand several preference phenomena, including the mere-exposure effect. The findings also highlight a potential source of affective biases in social judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

广义计算系统研究

该文简要介绍运用广义计算技术而建立起来的一类人工智能系统──广义计算系统，包括广义计算系统的数学描述，广义计算系统的实现问题和学习问题。     

食品包装视觉信息传达

为进一步形成科学的食品包装设计方法，为消费者提供更准确、快速的食品包装信息，文章通过整合国内外相关文献，综合分析了食品包装信息传达的三类关键线索：文字信息、食品意象和跨模态对应，指出文字信息在传达信息过程中更具优势，正面标语更具影响力，而其他详细信息会减少消费者认知偏差。文字更适合表达食品功能，而图片更适合表达感官诉求；其次，包装意象对消费者感知和反应的影响显著，视觉逼真度意味着更健康的选择；消费者对包装上食品的感知会影响其对包装内容物的评价，而跨模态对应研究是包装设计方法走向更科学、具体、精准的重要路径。     

现代水处理企业综合自动化方案

本文提出一种现代自来水企业生产自动化和信息管理自动化高度集成的综合方案 ,并在实践中予以实施。     

Quantum Key Distribution: from Principles to Practicalities

We review the main protocols for key distribution based on principles of quantum mechanics, describing the general underlying ideas, discussing implementation requirements and pointing out directions of current experiments. The issue of security is addressed both from a principal and real-life point of view. Received: October 15, 1998; revised version: June 8, 1999